“[D]espite many examples of highly developed and sophisticated responses to the ESG challenges and opportunities facing major corporations, evidence of any type of broad spectrum adoption of sustainable business practices is not to be found in the readily obtainable information disclosed by most large U.S. companies... If, as many expect,… carbon emissions are restricted within the next few years, it appears that most large, publicly traded U.S. companies will need to move quickly and decisively to confront the environmental, operational, and financial challenges that these constraints will bring. The vast majority of these firms have not provided sufficient evidence that they are currently prepared to address these challenges.”

Peter Soyka and Mark Bateman, 2009
“The Road Not Yet Taken: The State of U.S. Corporate Environmental Policy and Management”